(2016-11-23)
Problem
I want contacts from my Exchange server to appear in my iPhone.
Solution
Sucks to be you.
Work-Around
Open the Address Book (
Ctrl-Shift-B). Ctrl-select all contacts you want to appear in your iPhone. Right-click and select
Add to Contacts. Outlook will offer to merge/update any contacts which already exist.
Downside is that you still have to manually do this periodically to receive updates.